Sleeping behavior and associated factors during COVID-19 in students at a Hispanic serving institution in the US southwestern border region.

Sleep is responsible for maintenance and regulatory functions in human physiology. Insufficient sleep has been associated with cardiovascular disease, weight gain, obesity, inflammation, and morbidity. University students are at high risk under normal circumstances of stress and anxiety due to extracurricular demands, competing pressures on student time, long study hours, and financial concerns. The COVID 19 pandemic has disrupted normal college students' lives adding stresses such as lost jobs and family responsibilities such as serving as caregivers, which disproportionally affect minority and rural student. This study aimed to assess the correlation of sleep disorders in New Mexico State University students during COVID 19 with selected variates including base demographics (e.g., gender, age, etc.), lifestyle metrics (e.g., employment status, discipline, class, etc.), living arrangements (e.g., housing type, number of children, etc.), alcohol and tobacco use, vaccination status, family COVID status, and family vaccination status. Single- and multi-factor logistic regressions were performed to analyze the data on the students. Qualtrics software was used to collect data on demographics and sleep disorders. R software was used for data analysis. Correlations were found between sleeping less, sleeping more, and disturbed sleep among several covariate categories. For all three responses, being married (sleeping less: OR = 0.342, 95% CI = 0.181-0.642, sleeping more: OR = 0.265, 95% CI = 0.111-0.591; disturbed sleeping: OR = 0.345, 95% CI = 0.182-0.650), frequency of feeling sleepy-very often (OR = 16.87, 95% CI = 6.571-47.434; OR = 8.393, 95% CI = 3.086-25.298; OR = 13.611, 95% CI = 5.409-36.975) and change in diet- quality decreased (OR = 7.304, 95% CI = 3.615-15.270; OR = 5.250, 95% CI = 2.309-12.558; OR = 4.181, 95% CI = 2.145-8.359) were all significant correlated to change in sleeping behavior. Other correlations were found among covariates and sleep changes. Several covariates were determined to be correlated with the effect of COVID-19 on sleeping.

Prevalence of associated factors on depression during COVID 19 in students in a minority serving institution: A cross sectional study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the learning style of university students in the US, affecting their mental health of students. This study aims to understand the factors that influenced depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the New Mexico State University (NMSU) student population. Methods: A questionnaire assessing mental health and lifestyle factors was delivered to NMSU students by using QualtricsXM software. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (PHQ-9); depression was defined as a score ≥10. Single and multifactor logistic regression was performed using R software. Results: This study determined that the prevalence of depression among female students was 72% and 56.30% among male students. Several covariates were significant for increased odds of depression in students, including decreased diet quality (OR: 5.126, 95% CI: 3.186-8.338), annual household income $10,000 - $20,000 (OR: 3.161, 95% CI: 1.444-7.423), increased alcohol consumption (OR: 2.362, 95% CI: 1.504-3.787), increased smoking (OR: 3.581, 95% CI:1.671-8.911), quarantining due to COVID (OR: 2.001, 95% CI: 1.348-2.976), and family member dying of COVID (OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.072-3.623). Covariates of being male (OR: 0.501, 95% CI: 0.324-0.776), married (OR: 0.499, 95% CI: 0.318-0.786), eating a balanced diet (OR: 0.472, 95% CI: 0.316-0.705), and sleeping 7-8 h per night (OR: 0.271, 95% CI: 0.175-0.417) were all protective factors for depression in NMSU students. Limitation: This is a cross-sectional study, and therefore, causation cannot be determined. Conclusion: Several factors regarding demographics, lifestyle, living arrangements, alcohol and tobacco use, sleeping behavior, family vaccination, and COVID status were significantly associated with depression in students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Arsenic exposure and prevalence of human papillomavirus in the US male population.

Arsenic is a known carcinogen and is naturally available in earth's crust. Inorganic arsenic is an environmental pollutant with immunosuppressive properties. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. HPV is linked to several types of cancers in males, including oral, anal, and penile cancer. However, limited information is available on the effect of arsenic on HPV in males. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of urinary arsenic species (speciated and total) and the prevalence of HPV infection in the male population. HPV prevalence in males was analyzed using the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations of seven types of urinary arsenic species (arsenous acid, arsenic acid, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), total arsenic acid) with HPV risk for male participants aged 18-59 years (N = 1516). Demographic characteristics were included in the logistic regression model for each arsenic variable. All statistical analyses were conducted by using the software R (version 4.2.0). Increasing DMA was positively associated with the prevalence of low-risk HPV (odds ratio (OR): 1.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.025, 1.128) in addition to the sum of total toxic arsenic species (TUA1) including arsenous acid, arsenic acid, DMA, and MMA (OR: 1.068, 95% CI: 1.022, 1.116). High-risk HPV strains were found to be positively associated with arsenic acid (OR: 1.806, 95% CI: 1.134, 2.876) and total arsenic minus the sum of the two organic arsenic species arsenobetaine and arsenocholine (TUA2) at quartile 3 (Q3) level (OR: 1.523, 95% CI: 1.102, 2.103). The logistic regression models also showed that race and marital status were significant factors related to high-risk HPV. Our study reported that DMA and TUA1 are associated with low-risk HPV and arsenic acid is associated with high-risk HPV infections in males. Future research is required to confirm or refute this finding.